Right to Privacy — Amendments

Amendment	Year	Description	Impact
N/A (Judicial Interpretation)	1954-2017	The Right to Privacy was not introduced into the Indian Constitution through a specific amendment. Instead, its recognition as a fundamental right evolved through a series of judicial interpretations by the Supreme Court, primarily expanding the scope of 'personal liberty' under Article 21. This process culminated in the K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India judgment in 2017.	This judicial evolution transformed privacy from an implied or common law right into an explicitly recognized and enforceable fundamental constitutional right, significantly strengthening individual liberties against state intrusion.
N/A (Statutory Law)	2023	The Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDPA) 2023 is not a constitutional amendment but a significant statutory law enacted to operationalize the fundamental Right to Privacy in the digital domain. It provides a legal framework for processing digital personal data, defining rights and obligations.	The DPDPA 2023 provides the first comprehensive legal framework for data protection in India, giving teeth to the fundamental Right to Privacy. It impacts how government and private entities handle personal data, introducing consent requirements, data principal rights, and penalties for non-compliance.