Ecosystem Dynamics — Mains Questions

Discuss the various ways in which human activities are disrupting the natural biogeochemical cycles. What measures can be adopted to mitigate these impacts, with special reference to Indian context?

Analyze the concept of ecological succession, differentiating between primary and secondary succession. How do human interventions influence the trajectory and outcome of successional processes in Indian ecosystems?

Critically evaluate the concept of ecosystem services. How can the valuation of these services contribute to better conservation and policy-making in India, considering its diverse ecological zones?