Science & Technology·Key Discoveries

Ecosystem Dynamics — Key Discoveries

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Version 1Updated 10 Mar 2026

Key Discoveries

M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Ganga Pollution Case)

1987

This landmark case highlighted the Supreme Court's proactive role in environmental protection, emphasizing the 'polluter pays' principle and the 'public trust doctrine'. The Court…

T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India

1996 onwards

Often referred to as the 'Forests Case', this ongoing litigation has profoundly impacted forest conservation and management in India. The Supreme Court expanded the definition of…

Centre for Environmental Law, WWF-I v. Union of India (Coastal Regulation Zone Case)

2011

This case dealt with the protection of coastal ecosystems, particularly mangroves and coral reefs, under the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification. The Supreme Court upheld…

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