Investment and Trade — Amendments

Amendment	Year	Description	Impact
44th Amendment	1978	Removed the right to property from fundamental rights and made it a constitutional right under Article 300A, significantly impacting investment and business operations by reducing constitutional protection for property rights	Enabled easier land acquisition for public purposes and reduced litigation over property rights, facilitating infrastructure development and industrial projects while raising concerns about investor protection
101st Amendment	2016	Introduced Goods and Services Tax (GST) by adding Article 246A and establishing the GST Council, creating a unified indirect tax system replacing multiple central and state taxes	Transformed India's tax landscape by creating a common market, reducing transaction costs, and improving ease of doing business while requiring unprecedented center-state cooperation in tax policy

Also build Paper II skills

Dense constitutional and IR passages mirror CSAT-style comprehension and argument evaluation—build those skills in parallel. CSAT hub.

• Valid & invalid arguments
• Syllogisms
• Critical reasoning