Trade and Economy — Landmark Events

Landmark Events

Excavations at Lothal (1954-1962)

1954-1962

The discovery and excavation of Lothal by S.R. Rao provided crucial insights into Harappan maritime trade. The identification of a large brick basin as a 'dockyard' revolutionized…

Discovery of Harappan Seals in Mesopotamia

Early 20th Century onwards

The finding of distinctive Harappan seals in Mesopotamian cities like Ur, Kish, and Lagash provided the earliest and most definitive archaeological proof of direct trade relations…

Excavations at Chanhudaro (1935-1936)

1935-1936

Ernest J.H. Mackay's excavations at Chanhudaro revealed it as a major industrial center, almost exclusively dedicated to craft production, particularly bead-making. The site…

Discovery of Standardized Weights and Measures

Throughout IVC excavations (early 20th century onwards)

The consistent discovery of cubical chert weights and measuring scales across all major Harappan sites (Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Lothal, Dholavira) demonstrated an unparalleled level…