Smart Cities and Inclusion — Amendments

Amendment	Year	Description	Impact
74th Constitutional Amendment Act	1992	This landmark amendment granted constitutional status to Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) or municipalities, making it mandatory for states to constitute them. It introduced Part IXA and the Twelfth Schedule to the Constitution, outlining the powers, authority, and responsibilities of municipalities.	Crucial for inclusive smart cities as it provides the legal and institutional framework for decentralized urban planning, local self-governance, and citizen participation. Article 243W empowers municipalities to undertake functions like urban planning, slum improvement, and provision of urban amenities, directly impacting the implementation of inclusive smart city projects and ensuring local accountability and responsiveness to citizen needs, including those of marginalized communities.