Higher Education and Reservations — Prelims Questions

Which of the following Constitutional Amendments introduced the provision for reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) in educational institutions?

With reference to the 'creamy layer' concept in India, consider the following statements: 1. It was introduced by the Supreme Court in the Indra Sawhney v. Union of India judgment. 2. It applies to reservations for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) in both education and promotions. 3. The current income threshold for exclusion from the OBC creamy layer is ₹8 lakh per annum. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding Horizontal and Vertical Reservations: 1. Vertical reservations are provided for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes. 2. Horizontal reservations are applied within each vertical category and also in the unreserved category. 3. The Saurav Yadav v. State of UP judgment clarified that horizontal reservations add to the overall 50% reservation ceiling. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following statements about the 50% reservation ceiling is NOT correct?

Consider the following pairs: 1. Article 15(4) : Special provisions for SCs, STs, and SEBCs in educational institutions. 2. Article 15(5) : Reservation in private unaided educational institutions. 3. Article 16(4) : Reservation in matters of promotion for SCs and STs. Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?