27% Reservation — Amendments

Amendment	Year	Description	Impact
93rd Amendment	2005	Added Article 15(5) to enable reservation for socially and educationally backward classes in private educational institutions, including minority institutions, except those covered under Article 30(1). This amendment was crucial for implementing OBC reservation in higher education.	Enabled the passage of Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Admission) Act, 2006, extending 27% OBC reservation to higher education and significantly expanding access to quality education for OBC communities
102nd Amendment	2018	Granted constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) by inserting Articles 338B and 342A, empowering it to investigate and monitor matters relating to safeguards for socially and educationally backward classes.	Strengthened the institutional framework for OBC reservation implementation, providing constitutional protection to the body responsible for identifying OBC communities and monitoring reservation policy effectiveness
105th Amendment	2021	Restored states' power to maintain their own lists of socially and educationally backward classes by clarifying that Article 342A(1) does not prevent states from preparing and maintaining their own OBC lists for state-level reservations.	Enhanced federal flexibility in OBC reservation policy, allowing states to address local social dynamics while maintaining central coordination for central services and institutions