Fundamental Duties and Social Responsibility — Amendments

Amendment	Year	Description	Impact
42nd Constitutional Amendment Act	1976	Inserted Part IVA, comprising Article 51A, into the Constitution. This article initially enumerated ten Fundamental Duties for Indian citizens.	Established a constitutional framework for citizen responsibilities, aiming to balance rights with duties. Signified a shift in constitutional philosophy towards a more disciplined citizenry.
86th Constitutional Amendment Act	2002	Added the 11th Fundamental Duty under Article 51A(k), making it a duty for parents or guardians to provide opportunities for education to their child or ward between the age of six and fourteen years.	Reinforced the state's commitment to universal elementary education (Article 21A) by placing a corresponding responsibility on families, thereby strengthening the educational framework.