Carbon Capture and Storage — Tech Evolutions

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
N/A (Policy/Regulatory Update)	2022	India's Updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to the UNFCCC, submitted in August 2022, committed to reducing the emissions intensity of its GDP by 45% by 2030 from 2005 levels and achieving about 50% cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030. While not a legal amendment, this policy update significantly strengthens the national climate action framework, implicitly supporting the development and deployment of all viable decarbonization technologies, including CCS, to meet these ambitious targets.	This policy update provides a strong strategic impetus for exploring and investing in CCS technologies in India. It signals the government's commitment to a low-carbon development pathway, creating a favorable environment for R&D, pilot projects, and eventual commercial deployment of CCS, especially in sectors critical for achieving the emissions intensity reduction target.
N/A (Policy/Regulatory Update)	Ongoing	Amendments or new guidelines under the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 2006, or specific regulations for geological storage and CO2 pipelines are continuously being discussed and developed by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) and NITI Aayog. These are crucial for establishing a clear legal and regulatory framework for permitting, operating, and monitoring CCS projects in India, addressing aspects like site selection, safety, liability, and long-term stewardship.	The development of specific regulatory frameworks is critical for de-risking CCS investments and ensuring environmentally sound deployment. Clear guidelines on EIA, liability, and monitoring will build investor confidence and public trust, accelerating the adoption of CCS technology by providing legal certainty and operational standards for project developers.