Antibiotics and Vaccines — Tech Evolutions

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
N/A (Policy Change)	2013	The Drug Price Control Order (DPCO) 2013 was issued by the Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955. This order replaced previous DPCOs and significantly expanded the list of essential medicines whose prices are regulated by the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA).	Increased government control over the pricing of a wider range of essential drugs, including many antibiotics and vaccines, aiming to improve affordability and accessibility for the public. This directly impacts the pharmaceutical industry's pricing strategies and profitability for these critical medicines.
N/A (Policy Initiative)	2017	India launched its National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (NAP-AMR) 2017-2021, aligning with the World Health Organization's Global Action Plan on AMR. This comprehensive, multi-sectoral plan outlines strategic priorities to combat AMR.	Provided a structured framework for India's response to AMR, focusing on awareness, surveillance, infection prevention and control, rational use of antimicrobials, and R&D. It fostered inter-ministerial coordination and laid the groundwork for subsequent 'One Health' initiatives, influencing policy and research directions in public health.
N/A (Policy Initiative)	2021	The Government of India introduced the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for Pharmaceuticals. This scheme offers incentives to domestic manufacturers for producing high-value pharmaceutical products, including Key Starting Materials (KSMs), Drug Intermediates (DIs), Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), and complex generic drugs.	Aimed at boosting indigenous manufacturing capabilities, reducing import dependence, and enhancing India's self-reliance (Atmanirbhar Bharat) in critical pharmaceutical components and finished products, including those vital for antibiotics and vaccines. It incentivizes R&D and manufacturing scale-up within India, strengthening the pharmaceutical supply chain.