International Treaties and Agreements — Amendments

Amendment	Year	Description	Impact
42nd Amendment	1976	The 42nd Amendment added several entries to the Concurrent List, including Entry 17A on 'Forests' and Entry 17B on 'Protection of wild animals and birds.' While not directly amending treaty-making provisions, this amendment affected how environmental treaties are implemented by bringing environmental subjects under concurrent jurisdiction, enabling both Union and State legislation in areas frequently covered by international environmental agreements.	This amendment facilitated India's participation in international environmental treaties by providing clearer legislative authority for both Centre and States to implement environmental obligations. It has been particularly relevant for implementing conventions like CITES, CBD, and climate change agreements that require coordinated Centre-State action.
73rd Amendment	1992	The 73rd Amendment added Part IX to the Constitution, establishing Panchayati Raj institutions as the third tier of government. While primarily focused on local governance, this amendment has implications for treaty implementation, particularly for international agreements involving rural development, environmental protection, and human rights that require grassroots implementation.	The amendment created additional implementation challenges and opportunities for international treaties, as many international obligations now require coordination not just between Centre and States but also with local governments. This has been particularly relevant for implementing sustainable development goals and environmental treaties.
74th Amendment	1992	The 74th Amendment added Part IXA to the Constitution, providing constitutional status to urban local bodies. Similar to the 73rd Amendment, this affects treaty implementation by creating another tier of government that may be involved in implementing international obligations, particularly in areas like urban planning, environmental protection, and human rights.	This amendment expanded the complexity of treaty implementation by involving urban local bodies in areas covered by international agreements. It has been particularly relevant for implementing international commitments on sustainable urban development, climate change mitigation, and human settlements.

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