Flagship Programmes — Amendments

Amendment	Year	Description	Impact
73rd Amendment	1992	Added Part IX to the Constitution dealing with Panchayati Raj institutions, providing constitutional status to local self-government and mandating devolution of powers and responsibilities to Panchayats for economic development and social justice programmes.	Created the institutional framework for grassroots implementation of flagship programmes, with Panchayats playing crucial roles in beneficiary identification, programme implementation, and social auditing of welfare schemes.
74th Amendment	1992	Added Part IXA to the Constitution dealing with urban local bodies, providing constitutional recognition to municipalities and mandating their role in urban planning and service delivery.	Established the urban governance framework essential for implementing flagship programmes in urban areas, particularly programmes like Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban), Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban), and Smart Cities Mission.

Also build Paper II skills

Dense constitutional and IR passages mirror CSAT-style comprehension and argument evaluation—build those skills in parallel. CSAT hub.

• Valid & invalid arguments
• Syllogisms
• Critical reasoning