Jurisdiction and Powers — Amendments

Amendment	Year	Description	Impact
42nd Amendment	1976	Attempted to exclude tribunal decisions from High Court jurisdiction by inserting clauses in Article 323A and 323B, creating administrative and other tribunals with final decision-making power. Also inserted clauses 4 and 5 in Article 368 to place constitutional amendments beyond judicial review.	Created constitutional crisis regarding High Court supervisory powers over tribunals. Later struck down by Supreme Court in L. Chandra Kumar case (1997) as violating basic structure. The amendment's attempt to insulate tribunals from High Court supervision was deemed unconstitutional, restoring the traditional supervisory jurisdiction while recognizing tribunal specialization.
7th Amendment	1956	Reorganized states and territories, affecting High Court territorial jurisdiction. Established common High Courts for multiple states and reorganized existing High Court boundaries to align with new state formations under States Reorganization Act.	Rationalized High Court territorial jurisdiction according to linguistic and administrative reorganization of states. Created efficient judicial administration by establishing common High Courts like Punjab and Haryana High Court, reducing duplication while maintaining federal character of judicial system.

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• Valid & invalid arguments
• Syllogisms
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