Public Interest Litigation — Prelims Questions

Consider the following statements about Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in India: 1. PIL can only be filed by the person directly affected by the issue 2. The Supreme Court can take suo motu cognizance based on newspaper reports 3. PIL was first recognized in the S.P. Gupta case in 1981 4. Only the Supreme Court has jurisdiction to hear PIL cases Which of the statements given above are correct?

Which of the following best describes the constitutional basis of Public Interest Litigation in India?

The concept of 'epistolary jurisdiction' in PIL refers to:

Consider the following pairs of PIL cases and their significance: 1. S.P. Gupta case - Established absolute liability for hazardous industries 2. Bandhua Mukti Morcha case - Liberation of bonded laborers 3. Vishaka case - Guidelines for sexual harassment at workplace 4. M.C. Mehta case - Environmental protection and pollution control Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

Which of the following statements about the evolution of PIL in India is/are correct? 1. PIL emerged as a response to the limitations of traditional adversarial litigation 2. Justice P.N. Bhagwati and Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer were pioneers of PIL 3. PIL has remained unchanged since its inception in the 1980s 4. The Supreme Court has never imposed restrictions on PIL filing Select the correct answer using the code given below: