Key Concepts — Amendments

Amendment	Year	Description	Impact
42nd Amendment	1976	Added the words 'Socialist' and 'Secular' to the Preamble, changing the description of India from 'Sovereign Democratic Republic' to 'Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic.' This amendment was passed during the Emergency period and reflected the government's ideological commitment to socialism and secularism.	The addition of Socialist and Secular has had lasting impact on constitutional interpretation. Courts have used these concepts to validate welfare policies, prevent communal politics, and ensure religious neutrality in governance. Despite being added during Emergency, these concepts are now considered part of the basic structure and have been upheld by the Supreme Court as integral to India's constitutional identity.

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