Structural Mitigation — Policy Changes

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
73rd Constitutional Amendment Act	1992	This amendment institutionalized Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in India, giving constitutional status to local self-governance in rural areas. It mandated the establishment of Gram Panchayats, Panchayat Samitis, and Zila Parishads.	Empowered local bodies with responsibilities for local planning and implementation, including aspects of disaster management and rural infrastructure development. This directly impacts structural mitigation at the grassroots level, as PRIs are involved in constructing local shelters, maintaining rural roads, and implementing small-scale flood or landslide prevention measures, ensuring community-level resilience.
74th Constitutional Amendment Act	1992	This amendment provided constitutional status to Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) or Municipalities, establishing a framework for urban self-governance.	Assigned ULBs responsibilities for urban planning, building regulations, and disaster management within their jurisdictions. This has a direct and profound impact on structural mitigation in urban areas, as municipalities are responsible for enforcing building codes, planning disaster-resilient infrastructure, and managing urban flood control systems. It ensures that structural safety and resilience are integrated into urban development policies and practices.

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