Indian & World Geography·Key Cases & Reports

Environmental Laws — Key Cases & Reports

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Version 1Updated 5 Mar 2026

Key Cases & Reports

MC Mehta v. Union of India (Oleum Gas Leak Case)

1987

This landmark judgment established the principle of absolute liability for enterprises engaged in hazardous or inherently dangerous activities. The Court held that such…

Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India

1996

This judgment introduced the polluter pays principle and precautionary principle into Indian environmental jurisprudence. The Court established that these principles are part of…

T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India

1997-ongoing

This continuing mandamus case revolutionized forest conservation in India. The Supreme Court expanded the definition of 'forest' to include all areas recorded as forest in…

Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Union of India (Bichhri Village Case)

1996

This case established the principle of environmental restoration and compensation for ecological damage. The Court ordered the closure of polluting chemical industries and…

M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Taj Trapezium Case)

1997

This case led to the protection of the Taj Mahal from industrial pollution by establishing the Taj Trapezium Zone. The Court ordered the closure or relocation of polluting…

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