Bioremediation — Mains Questions

Critically evaluate the policy and regulatory framework for bioremediation in India. What are the key challenges in its effective implementation, and suggest measures to overcome them?

Evaluate the effectiveness of bioremediation as a cleanup strategy for oil spills, citing relevant case evidence. Discuss its advantages over traditional methods and any associated limitations.

Discuss the prospects and risks associated with the use of Genetically Engineered Microorganisms (GEMs) in bioremediation. What ethical and regulatory considerations need to be addressed for their responsible deployment?