Sources of Water Pollution — Environmental Laws

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Amendment Act	1988	This amendment strengthened the Water Act, 1974, by enhancing the powers of the Central and State Pollution Control Boards. It introduced more stringent penalties for non-compliance, including imprisonment and higher fines. It also clarified certain definitions and procedures, aiming to make the Act more effective in controlling water pollution.	Increased the deterrent effect of the law, giving PCBs more teeth to enforce compliance. It facilitated better implementation of pollution control measures, though enforcement challenges continued due to various systemic issues.
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (Various Notifications)	Ongoing	While not a single amendment to the core EPA Act, numerous notifications and rules have been issued under the EPA over the years. These include specific effluent discharge standards for various industries, hazardous waste management rules, coastal regulation zone notifications, and environmental impact assessment (EIA) notifications. These are essentially amendments to the regulatory framework.	These notifications continuously update and strengthen the regulatory framework for controlling pollution from specific sources. For instance, revised effluent standards directly impact industrial water pollution sources by mandating stricter treatment technologies and discharge limits, pushing industries towards cleaner production and Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) technologies.

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