Ecosystem and Biodiversity — Mains Questions

Critically analyze the effectiveness of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, in achieving its objectives of conservation, sustainable use, and equitable benefit-sharing in India. Discuss the recent amendments and their implications.

Ecosystem services are indispensable for human well-being, yet their degradation continues unabated. Discuss the various categories of ecosystem services and critically evaluate the challenges in their valuation and integration into developmental planning in India.

India is a mega-diverse country, yet its biodiversity faces unprecedented threats. Examine the major threats to India's biodiversity and suggest comprehensive conservation strategies, integrating both national policies and international commitments.