Conservation Strategies — Environmental Laws

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act, 2002	2002	This amendment introduced two new categories of protected areas: Community Reserves and Conservation Reserves. It also provided for the establishment of the National Board for Wildlife (NBWL) and State Boards for Wildlife (SBWL) to advise the central and state governments on conservation matters. It aimed to strengthen the protection of wildlife and their habitats and enhance community participation.	Significantly broadened the scope of in-situ conservation by involving local communities and providing legal recognition to areas managed by them. Strengthened the institutional framework for wildlife protection and management.
Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act, 2006	2006	This amendment focused on strengthening tiger conservation. It provided for the constitution of the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) and the Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB). It also mandated the creation of Tiger Conservation Plans and established a Tiger and Other Endangered Species Crime Control Bureau.	Revolutionized tiger conservation in India by creating a dedicated statutory body (NTCA) and a specialized law enforcement agency (WCCB), leading to more coordinated and effective anti-poaching and habitat management efforts for tigers and other endangered species.
Biological Diversity (Amendment) Act, 2023	2023	The amendment aimed to decriminalize certain offenses under the Act, facilitate research and access to biological resources for AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy) practitioners, and promote the cultivation of medicinal plants. It also sought to streamline the access and benefit-sharing (ABS) process.	Intended to reduce regulatory burden on certain sectors and promote sustainable use, particularly in traditional medicine. However, it also sparked debate regarding potential dilution of benefit-sharing mechanisms and environmental oversight, raising concerns among some conservationists regarding the balance between conservation and commercialization.

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