Pollution Tax and Subsidies — Key Judgments

Key Judgments

M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Ganga Pollution Case)

1987

This landmark case established the 'absolute liability' principle for industries engaged in hazardous activities, holding them liable for damages caused irrespective of…

Vellore Citizens' Welfare Forum v. Union of India

1996

The Supreme Court explicitly applied the 'polluter pays principle' and the 'precautionary principle' as essential features of sustainable development in India. It directed the…

Samaj Parivartan Samudaya v. State of Karnataka

2013

While primarily focused on illegal mining, this case saw the Supreme Court direct the payment of 'environmental compensation' by mining companies for the damage caused. The court…