Employment Generation Schemes — Policy Reforms

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
N/A (Act itself)	2005	The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) was enacted in 2005. While not an amendment to a prior act, its enactment itself was a landmark legislative step, transforming employment generation from a discretionary welfare program into a legal entitlement.	Established a legal right to work for rural households, guaranteeing 100 days of wage employment, significantly impacting rural livelihoods, poverty reduction, and decentralized governance.
N/A (Scheme Evolution)	2015-2016 (PMKVY 1.0 to 2.0)	PMKVY has undergone several iterations (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and upcoming 4.0) since its launch. These are not formal legislative amendments but rather scheme revisions and expansions based on learnings and evolving skill demands.	Each iteration refined the scheme's objectives, funding mechanisms, training quality, and focus areas (e.g., greater emphasis on industry linkages, RPL, and district-level skill committees), aiming to improve employability and address skill gaps more effectively.
N/A (Scheme Evolution)	2015 (Launch of MUDRA)	The Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) was launched in 2015. While not an amendment, it consolidated and expanded the government's focus on micro-enterprise financing, building on previous smaller initiatives.	Significantly expanded access to collateral-free credit for non-corporate, non-farm micro and small enterprises, fostering self-employment and entrepreneurship on an unprecedented scale, particularly for women and marginalized sections.