Carcinogens and Oncogenes — Prelims Questions

Which of the following is a biological carcinogen primarily associated with cervical cancer?

Which of the following mechanisms is NOT a common way for a proto-oncogene to be activated into an oncogene?

Exposure to which of the following is a significant risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer)?

The *BCR-ABL* fusion gene, characteristic of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML), is an example of oncogene activation primarily due to:

Which of the following statements best describes the role of proto-oncogenes in normal cellular function?

Which physical carcinogen is primarily responsible for the formation of pyrimidine dimers in DNA, leading to skin cancer?