HIV and AIDS — Prelims Strategy

Prelims Strategy

To excel in NEET questions on HIV and AIDS, a multi-pronged strategy is essential. Firstly, master the fundamental biological aspects: the structure of HIV (enveloped RNA retrovirus, gp120, gp41, reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease), and its complete replication cycle.

Pay close attention to the role of reverse transcriptase and the integration of proviral DNA. Secondly, understand the immunological impact: why CD4+ T-cells are targeted, how their depletion leads to immunodeficiency, and the specific CD4+ count that defines AIDS (200 cells/mm³).

Thirdly, be precise about transmission routes – differentiate between confirmed modes (sexual, blood, mother-to-child) and non-modes (casual contact, insects). Fourthly, memorize the key diagnostic tests and their sequence (ELISA for screening, Western Blot/PCR for confirmation).

Finally, grasp the principles of prevention (safe practices, PrEP, PEP) and treatment (ART, its goals, and limitations). For numerical problems (though rare for this topic, CD4 count is an exception), ensure you know the threshold.

For conceptual questions, focus on cause-and-effect relationships, such as how viral replication leads to immune suppression. Be wary of trap options that rely on common misconceptions about transmission or cure.