Gene Therapy — Predicted 2026

AI-Predicted Question Angles for UPSC 2026

Based on trend analysis, current affairs, and recurring themes in Gene Therapy.

Comparative analysis of viral vectors

high

NEET frequently tests the distinguishing features of different viral vectors. A question might present a scenario and ask which vector is most suitable, or directly compare retroviruses, adenoviruses, and AAVs based on their integration status, cell tropism (dividing vs. non-dividing cells), gene capacity, and immunogenicity. Understanding these differences is crucial for selecting the appropriate vector for a given therapeutic goal. For example, a question could ask which vector is preferred for long-term expression in quiescent cells with minimal immune response, pointing to AAVs.

Ethical implications and societal impact of gene therapy

medium

While direct ethical dilemmas are less common, the distinction between somatic and germline gene therapy and the reasons for the ethical concerns surrounding germline therapy are consistently important. Questions might focus on the heritability aspect of germline therapy and why it's not approved. Additionally, broader questions about the potential misuse or long-term societal effects of gene editing technologies could appear, requiring a nuanced understanding beyond just the biological mechanisms.

Mechanism of gene therapy for specific diseases beyond ADA-SCID

medium

While ADA-SCID is a classic, the field of gene therapy is rapidly advancing. NEET might introduce new examples of diseases where gene therapy has shown promise, such as certain retinal dystrophies (e.g., Luxturna for RPE65 mutation) or hemophilia. Questions could ask about the specific gene involved, the target tissue, or the vector used in these newer applications. This would test an aspirant's ability to apply the general principles of gene therapy to novel scenarios, moving beyond rote memorization of just one example.

Challenges and limitations of gene therapy

low

Questions on the challenges of gene therapy, such as immune responses, insertional mutagenesis, off-target effects, and the difficulty in achieving sustained, regulated gene expression, are less frequent but important for a comprehensive understanding. A question might present a problem encountered in a gene therapy trial and ask for its likely cause or a potential solution. This would test a deeper, more critical understanding of the practical aspects of gene therapy rather than just its theoretical basis.